Albrecht
Durer, Knight, Death and the Devil , 1513
Engraving
Gift
of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation
*There is a lot going on in the
picture. What do we see in this picture? It is a knight on a horse riding past
the Devil and Death. Death is shown with an hourglass in his hands.
* Looking at this painting in more
detail what else do we see? We see a dog, a skull on the ground in front of
him, a foxtail wrapped around the knights’ lance, a lizard, and oak leaves. We also see a castle in the background of the
painting. What is the significance of these symbols?
Hourglass:
Transience of life
Fox tail: Lies
Dog: Truth and loyalty
Lizard: Impending danger
Oak leaves: The return from a successful hunt
Roots of trees: Precariousness of life
Fox tail: Lies
Dog: Truth and loyalty
Lizard: Impending danger
Oak leaves: The return from a successful hunt
Roots of trees: Precariousness of life
* Where do you think the Knight is traveling to? The German artist Albrecht Durer’s image has been associated
with “Erasmus’s Manual of the Christian Knight”, which urges all Christians to
live as soldiers in the service of God and traverse the road to salvation
fortified by the weapons of faith. Desiderius Erasmus was one of the most
important reformers of the sixteenth century next to Martin Luther.
*Looking at the faces of the
various characters in this painting what would we say would be going through
their minds? What is the knight thinking? What is the dog thinking? What are
the Devil and Death saying to him as he rides by on his journey?
* This engraving is amazing. The
process of engraving is extremely arduous. One takes a large piece of smooth
copper and uses a tool called a burin. How hard the engraver pushes the burin
down into the copper will depend on how thick the engraver would like to produce
the lines. So, pressing down hard with the burin will produce thick lines and
lighter will produce thinner lines. When the engraving is complete the artist
applies ink to the copper. He pushes the ink into the various lines and
polishes the rest of the ink off with a cloth. Paper is then applied on top of
the picture and blankets placed on top of that. The artist then passes over the
blankets with rollers so the image is printed on the paper. Durer was able to
make many prints of this etching.
* By learning the process of
engraving you can now very much appreciate the intense labor that was taken
into producing such a masterpiece.
* So, not only was this etching
difficult to make, but it’s a fine example of the Northern Renaissance period.
It is a great example for three reasons. First the symbolism that Durer used.
Second the technology Durer used to make this etching and last would be the
appearance of the characters. Unlike paintings or drawing from the past these
figures are all three dimensional. Their bodies are not flat but actually anatomically
correct.
* If you notice the left hand
corner on the board against the rock what is written on it? It reads S 1513 A and D. The painting was
painted in 1513 and the AD are the in initials of the artist. Why do you think
the A is so big? Durer actually left his initials on all of his art like this.
*In a sense he might have created
his first trademark. Unfortunately, his monogram was easy to imitate and he had
problems with an artist named Marcantonio Raimondi who copied his works and
marked them with the “AD” monogram and published it without his permission. In
which Durer had to take legal action against him. Because of the legal issues
Durer obtained the very first copyright for a work 1511 called “Life of the Virgin”.
Tomorrow is A Portrait of Anne by George Wesley Bellows....
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